From the Period of the Loss of to the Restoration
When in the city of , in 1581, Philip I of (Philip II of ) had himself acclaimed king of , he swore an oath to maintain a system of dualist crown that would grant the Portuguese kingdom autonomy from . Possession of a substantial part of the Portuguese Colonial Empire shifted to the crowns of and the , following agreements made by with its war enemies, thus creating a mood of great displeasure in . Philip II of and Philip III of , his successors, failed to keep their oath of ruling in under a dualist policy.
The involvement of in the Thirty Years’ War increasingly strained relations with , due to the recruiting of Portuguese soldiers and the raising of taxes. Riots became the rule throughout the country and, on December 1, 1640, Portuguese nobility decided to take action. A coup-d’état brought an end to the dominion of the Philips of Spain in , and the duke of Bragança was acclaimed king John IV.
Third Dynasty, so called of the Philips of Spain (House of the Habsburgs)
Philip I of , the Prudent, reigned from 1580 to 1598
Philip II of , the Pious, reigned from 1598 to 1621
Philip III of , the Great, reigned from 1621 to 1640